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You're probably right, but there's no way of telling for sure. That's why this is a GWIT endgame.

I also looked at Babbage and Darwin and came up with nothing. I also wondered about music, where the word would be the Italian for "very fast" and the middle 4 letters would be the musical sign for an interval of silence. The American composer Ives wrote a study No 8 of which part has that title but that's really stretching it!

I also have a completed grid, and found the first and fifth thematic entries without too much difficulty - and with a great deal of help from this forum have managed to get the second and fourth filled. However, like others here, I'm still stumped by the middle one. I'm wondering whether the missing cells might be filled by symbols or key-names on a computer keyboard, which would allow all four so far identified. It's a long, long shot, but one of these computer key-names applied to the third thematic entry yields up the brand name of an optical device manufactured by a company whose first name is a Germanic form of the name identified by the extra letters. I can't imagine that this is really the answer sought, though!

I’m pretty sure the intended answer is connected with art, and in Spain, as alluded to earlier here. It has the correct orientation, it’s a keyboard symbol, and the Caroline connection is clear. That’s not to say there may not be others, but it’s by far the most likely candidate

Quisling@63, I see what you mean and you are probably right. Wikipedia confirms the 'creator'. However, if you mean what I think then the measurement needed does not commonly have a symbol just a 3 letter abbreviation or possibly 'c'.
That just leaves me with one? Why Caroline?

Caroline means 'of Charles', similar to Victorian, Edwardian etc.

Thanks Malone. I think I'll call this one done!

We weren't entirely convinced by the three letter measurement abbreviation or a 'c' but then it occurred to us that those three letters are also a different measurement for which there is a well-known symbol (not on a keyboard, though). Then again, having just typed that I haven't even convinced myself!

Lil

Finally found a more suitable replacement for the top entry. I can't believe I spent so long considering "Pillsbury" (dough) founded by ....Charles Pillsbury - actually, I wonder if that would have been accepted 😂

Can I just get confirmation (or not!) that the W in the bottom one is on a different row? (actually there are 2 W's above it) Only I've got 43a ending with an L - is that right?

Brendan, that's what I had as last letter for 43 - and it held me up for ages. But the second word does indeed end in W.
It's a creature that flies, not one that swims.