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Because dot is dot but Dick is not dash, so what I meant was:

. DICK -

and then something else to fit the line. Oh well...

Orson I see Midgers has put you right before I replied. I am still struggling to see how one arrives at NP and FN for the other four squares. By the way , if you look carefully at row 9 and description D(an instruction) you will see how one arrives at 6,5 and 6,6.
Thanks for your reply.

"A" refers to a different means of signalling - you need to reflect the letters in the squares in different directions ( eg one of the letters is, in effect, turned upside down) and then do "A", so that you get the letters you are looking for in this means of signalling.

Thanks dumbo99 for your help. I had already tried what you suggested but I must have something wrong somewhere as it does not seem to work out. Thanks again. I have to throw in the towel I'm afraid!

Maybe you have the wrong letters to start with? The letters in 23/25 are the same as in the other two cells but in the opposite order. One of the two different letters you reflect downwards in both cases, the other you reflect downwards in one case and to the left in the other.

dumbo99, surely the letters in 23/25 and opposite are not the same? I have NP and FN...

I am sure dumbo99 is referring to the pair of letters before encoding.

I am still struggling over how to interpret D and come up with 6,6. Question: is this doable without knowledge of the source material? I don't have access to more than snippets of the book. So I know the general outline of the plot, who the Ds are, what the two expeditions are, etc. but if I need detailed info about the 'last leg of the expedition' then I am out of luck.

Sorry, what I meant was that the letters before transformation are the same (L and V) - after reflecting them and applying "A" they do indeed give NP and FN in the relevant code.

Buzzb - yes. No need for source. Follow instructions in D letter by letter and then read the code. It will give you the answer.

Thanks dumbo99, got it now .