I suppose one of the assumptions made by setters is that the solver has access to TCD and ODQ. I know some of the solvers who comment on this forum have been solving without TCD, and some without ODQ. But that does make the puzzles much more difficult.
Agreed that characters 4&5 are obscure, but having worked out what the shape to be highlighted is, then it's just a question of checking the various possible strings of letters.